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- $Unique_ID{BRK04140}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Prostatitis}
- $Subject{Prostatitis Prostate Infection Acute Bacterial Prostatitis Chronic
- Bacterial Prostatitis Nonbacterial Prostatitis Prostatodynia Epidiymitis Acute
- Cystitis}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 767:
- Prostatitis
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Prostatitis) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYM listing to find the
- alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Prostate Infection
-
- Disorder Subdivisions:
-
- Acute Bacterial Prostatitis
- Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis
- Nonbacterial Prostatitis
- Prostatodynia
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Epidiymitis
- Acute Cystitis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Prostatitis is a common infection of the prostate gland, the gland near
- the penis that is situated at the base of the male urethra. The prostate
- secretes an alkaline fluid which is the major ingredient of ejaculatory
- fluid. Prostatitis is classified into four subcategories: acute bacterial,
- chronic bacterial, nonbacterial and prostatodynia.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Acute Bacterial Prostatitis is characterized by chills, high fever, low back
- pain and pain in the joints or muscles. Affected individuals usually have
- problems with urination including frequency, urgency, difficulty and pain in
- urinating along with excessive urination at night. There may be a discharge
- from the urethra. The prostate gland is usually tender and swollen when
- examined by a physician's gloved finger in the rectum. Inflammation of the
- bladder (acute cystitis) usually accompanies Acute Prostatitis.
- Complications of untreated Acute Bacterial Prostatitis may include the
- formation of abscesses which may rupture into the urethra or rectum, kidney
- inflammation and infection of the long tightly coiled tube (epididymis) which
- carries sperm from the testicle to the ejaculatory duct. Infection of the
- testicle (orchitis) and shock may also occur.
-
- Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis is one of the most common causes of urinary
- tract infections in men. Affected individuals usually show no symptoms until
- the infection is advanced. As with Acute Bacterial Prostatitis, the majority
- of patients complain of frequency and urgency in urination, excessive
- urination at night and painful or burning urination. Most also experience
- low back pain. Secretions from the urethra, particularly at night, are
- common and the prostate gland is usually tender. Chronic Bacterial
- Prostatitis infections may involve the scrotum, producing intense discomfort,
- swelling and severe tenderness. There may be pain in the area of the
- prostate or rectum and decreased sexual desire with premature ejaculation.
-
- Nonbacterial Prostatitis is even more common than Bacterial Prostatitis
- and symptoms are usually indistinguishable from Chronic Bacterial
- Prostatitis. Most patients have no history of urinary tract infections.
-
- Prostatodynia refers to a condition characterized by painful and burning
- urination with no evidence of inflammation. Symptoms of Prostatodynia are
- also similar to, but more severe than, those of Chronic Bacterial
- Prostatitis. In rare cases, the pain may be incapacitating.
-
- Causes
-
- Bacterial Prostatitis is most commonly caused by the bacteria, Escherichia
- coli (E. coli), and more rarely by Enterococcus. Infection may be introduced
- through the urethra, usually by the flowing back of infected urine into the
- ducts of the prostate. It can also be caused by the invasion of rectal
- bacteria or by infection spread through the bloodstream from another area of
- the body. Whether or not bacterial prostatitis may be sexually transmitted
- is uncertain.
-
- The causes of Nonbacterial Prostatitis and Prostatodynis are unknown.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Prostatitis is a common disorder occuring in men most frequently over 50
- years of age.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Prostatitis.
- Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Epididymitis is an infection of the long tightly coiled tube called the
- epididymis, which is located behind each testicle. The tube carries sperm
- from the testicle to the ejaculatory tract. Symptoms may include fever,
- chills and pain in the scrotum. Infected men may need to urinate frequently,
- and urination may be painful. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Epididymitis" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Acute Cystitis is an infection of the bladder. The most common cause of
- bladder infection in men is Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis. Symptoms may
- include burning or painful urination, excessive urination at night, urgency
- and frequency in urination and low back pain.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Bacterial Prostatitis is determined by the results of bacterial
- cultures and the overall condition of the individual. Treatment may require
- hospitalization with bed rest and the administration of analgesics and fluids
- with antibiotics such as ampicillin or amoxicillin. As prevention against
- the future development of Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis, trimethoprim-
- sulfamethoxazole may be administered for 30 days.
-
- Treatment of serious Acute Bacterial Prostatitis may require intravenous
- antibiotics until the acute phase of the infection has been overcome,
- followed by one month of oral antibiotic therapy. Less serious cases of
- Acute Bacterial Prostatitis usually respond to three to four weeks of
- treatment with oral antibiotics.
-
- Chronic Bacterial Prostatitis is more resistant to treatment which
- usually consists of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole or indanyl carbenicillin
- sodium for four weeks. Cultures are then repeated. A longer period of
- therapy may be required if cultures are still positive. If the infection
- persists after 12 weeks of therapy, a different medication may be tried.
- Some individuals do not respond completely to antibiotic treatment. In these
- cases, symptomatic infection may be treated as it occurs, or preventive
- measures taken to avoid recurrent episodes of cystitis which is the major
- source of symptoms.
-
- Antibiotics are of no value in treating Nonbacterial Prostatitis or
- Prostatodynia. Hot sitz baths and anticholinergic drugs may provide relief
- from symptoms. Some patients may find relief with periodic massage of the
- prostate.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through July
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- National Kidney and Urologic Disease Information Clearinghouse
- Box NKUDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6345
-
- References
-
- INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2nd Ed.: Jay H. Stein, ed.-in-chief; Little, Brown and
- Co., 1987. Pp. 1547-1548.
-
- THE MERCK MANUAL, Volume 1, 14th Ed.: Robert Berkow, M.D., ed.-in-chief;
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Laboratories, 1982. Pp. 1615-1616.
-
- PROSTATITIS. C. Stewart; EMERG MED CLIN NORTH AM (August, 1988: issue
- 6(3)). Pp. 391-402.
-
- CHRONIC BACTERIAL PROSTATITIS: 10 YEARS OF EXPERIENCE WITH LOCAL ANTIBIOTICS.
- L. Baert et al.; J UROL (October, 1988: issue 140(4)). Pp. 755- 757.
-
- MEASUREMENT OF URINARY ANTIBODIES TO CRUDE BACTERIAL ANTIGEN IN PATIENTS
- WITH CHRONIC BACTERIAL PROSTATITIS. L.M. Shortliffe et al.; J UROL (March,
- 1989: issue 141 (3)). Pp. 632-636.
-
-